<videovortex> historical foundations of skype studies

[Geert Lovink]

# 1956: AT&T builds the first Picturephone test system
# 1964: AT&T introduces Picturephone at the World's Fair, New York
# 1970: AT&T offers Picturephone for $160 per month
# 1971: Ericsson demonstrates the first trans-atlantic video telephone
(LME) call
# 1973 Dec: ARPAnet packet voice experiments [1]
# 1976 Mar: Network Voice Protocol (NVP), by Danny Cohen, USC/ISI
# 1981 Jul: Packet Video Protocol (PVP), by Randy Cole, USC/ISI [2]
# 1982: CCITT (forerunner of the ITU-T) standard H.120 (2 Mbit/s) video
coding, by European COST 211 project
# 1982: Compression Labs begins selling $250,000 VC system, $1,000 per
hour lines
# 1986: PictureTel's $80,000 VC system, $100 per hour lines
# 1987: Mitsubishi sells $1,500 still-picture phone
# 1989: Mitsubishi drops still-picture phone
# 1990: TWBnet packet audio/video experiments, vt (audio) and pvp
(video) from ISI/BBN [3]
# 1990: CCITT standard H.261 (p x 64) video coding
# 1990 Dec: CCITT standard H.320 for ISDN conferencing
# 1991: PictureTel unveils $20,000 black-and-white VC system, $30 per
hour lines
# 1991: IBM and PictureTel demonstrate videophone on PC
# 1991 Feb: DARTnet voice experiments, Voice Terminal (vt) program from
USC/ISI [4]
# 1991 Jun: DARTnet packet video test between ISI and BBN.
# 1991 Aug: UCB/LBNL's audio tool vat releases for DARTnet use
# 1991 Sep: First audio/video conference (H.261 hardware codec) at
DARTnet
# 1991 Dec: dvc (receive-only) program, by Paul Milazzo from BBN, IETF
meeting, Santa Fe [5]
# 1992: AT&T's $1,500 videophone for home market
# 1992 Mar: World's first MBone audio cast (vat), 23rd IETF, San Diego
# 1992 Jul: MBone audio/video casts (vat/dvc), 24th IETF, Boston [6]

[http://ipsix.org/source/historyofvideoconferencing.html]